Endocrine Abstracts

Objective: Tumors of the pituitary gland and sellar region, called pitiutary adenoma (PA) represent approximatly 10% of all central nervous system tumors. The characteristics of these tumors may vary from population to population.Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate and understand the clinicopathological characteristics, the invasiveness, tumor features and clinical symptoms of PA in adult patients at south great plain region of Hu...

: Thyroid cancers represent approximately 1% of new cancer diagnoses. Thyroid malignancies are divided into papillary carcinomas (80%), follicular carcinomas (10%), medullary carcinomas (5–10%), anaplastic carcinomas (1–2%) other rare tumours (primary thyroid lymphomas, primary thyroid sarcomas). The main therapeutic options are surgery (mainly total thyreoidectomy), radioiodine treatment (depending on the type and stage of the tumour), levothyroxine therapy (thyroid...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates from the parafollicular or C cells of the thyroid gland and represents approximately 10% of all thyroid malignancies. The operational classification of FMTC is four or more family members with MTC without objective evidence of pheochromocytoma (PC) and parathyroid hyperplasia. In multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A) and familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC), the majority of germline mutations are restricted to specific p...

In hypoparathyroidism, inadequate levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) result in hypocalcemia and often hyperphosphatemia. Large doses of calcium (Ca) and active vitamin D are typically used to manage symptoms, although these are often associated with complications and do not address the underlying PTH deficiency. In the phase III REPLACE trial, 24 weeks of treatment with rhPTH(1–84) was associated with maintained serum Ca without urine Ca excretion increases despite clini...

The neuroendocrine tumor of thymus (TNET) is an extremely rare disease. It can occur sporadically or as a part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN1) syndrome. TNET may secret hormons (ectopic ACTH production). It is a potentially malignant tumor which often develops distant metastases. Its prognostic factors are the tumor size, histological grade, Ki67 index, paraneoplastic symptoms, surgical resection and Masaoka staging. The options for treatment are radical surgery, ch...

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN-1) is a rare congenital disease with genetic background. The MEN-1 gene encodes the menin protein, which acts as a tumour suppressor. Mutation of one allele and the inactivation of the other allele of this gene lead to clonal proliferation and to the development of tumours. The clinical manifestation of MEN-1 is a combination of endocrine (most commonly parathyreoid adenomas, entero-pancreatic endocrine tumours, pituitary tumours) and non-endo...

The polyglandular autoimmune syndromes (PAS) comprise a wide spectrum of autoimmune disorders and are divided into a very rare juvenile (type I) and a relatively common adult type with (type II) or without adrenal failure (PAS III). For PAS II/III, susceptibility genes are known inreasing the risk for developing autoimmune disorders, but without being causative. Actual diagnosis of PAS involves serological measurement of organ-specific autoantibodies and subsequent functional ...

Keywords: sugar substitute agent exposures, nutritional biology, neuroendocrine system, oxytocinHuman homeostasis is maintained by the complex functioning of the psycho-neuroendocrine-immune system. If a disturbance is generated in this neuroendocrine system for any reason, it can trigger pathogenic processes. One of the factors disturbing homeostasis today may be changes in dietary habits, e.g. through the use of undue sweeteners (e.g. stevia, xylitol e...

The biological organisms are complex systems regulated by the homeostatic back-end network. In these days the growing environmental loads (from industry, household, etc.) contain chemical exposure eg. halogenated hydrocarbons (monuron: MU (C9H11ClN2O), diuron: DU (C9H10Cl2N2O)), which can be endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs). Synthesis, release of hormones and cell processes of endocrine cells, and...

Introduction: Endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) are chemicals that may interfere with the endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological and immune effects.These agents can be found in household, in the industry and in our environment.Endocrine disruptors are substances that interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body that are responsible for development, behavio...